Tag Archives: women in islam

Kolakchaal Part I

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Early in the morning, when Tehran is in its graceful peace, when it is still dark and the chill in the air is not interrupted by pollution and heat of the day, we leave my friends’s house. She tells me to enjoy the temporary serenity of the country’s capital. We take two buses and a taxi to Kolakchal hiking trail. My friend and her husband live in a small rental apartment in South Tehran. Getting to the Northern parts of town where Alborz mountains envelope the city can be a tiring mini-trip. As the old bus pushes uphill, I watch the sceneries of the city slowly change from gray dusty buildings and small shops to colorful streets and elaborate western-looking gift shops. My friend points out to famous streets we’ve grown up hearing about. We both giggle. Being from a small town, we’ve grown up hearing about the glamours lives of uptown Tehranis. “Which one is Elahiye?” I ask looking at the nicely trimmed hedges and colorful arts on the walls. “I think we passed it,” she whispers and looks back to check if we have really missed it. We have not. The bus stops to drop off some passengers and pick up some others. I read the small, simple, almost unnoticeable placard on the wall. Elahiye is printed in the traditional Persian calligraphy. “I want a Shohar from Elahiye!” I joke in a thick Isfahani accent and we both laugh. My friend plays a long with my joke and answers in a thicker Isfahani accent that a husband from Zaferaniye would be better since the properties are more expensive there. I argue that the fashion district is nicer in Elahiye. She argues for Zaferaniye again. For the rest of the ride, we laugh carefree and excited for our time together. Her husband is sitting in front of the bus, the male-only part. I mention Civil Right Movements I learned about in American schools. She is fascinated and asks some questions. Soon we both drift away in our thoughts, probably wondering what it would be like if Iranian women refuse to ride the buses in order to break away the gender segregation laws. I notice that the entire time we were laughing about rich husbands and questioning segregation a beggar boy has been staring at us. I buy a green wooden folding fan from him for a dollar and look out the window searching for Gheytariye.
By the time we get to the entrance of the hiking trail, the sun has set and some people are leaving at the gate. I wonder if they had gone all the way up to the summit. They could very well live in the neighborhood so they had set out really early that now they are leaving the trail.
Living in the neighborhood! I repeat to myself imagining life in North Tehran where many things are different from the rest of the city. Even the air is nicer, cleaner and less polluted up here. Some North Tehranis are known for thier “western” life styles, excessive parties with booze or expensive hobbies such as skying and weekends in dubai and Antalya, Turkey.

Cobblestone pavement, circling a fountain in the middle of a large courtyard sits behind the gate. There are green cypress trees and flower beds surrounding the courtyard. A few wooden benches are scattered. People in groups of two or more are standing around talking. A couple are exercising. I notice a middle aged woman wearing silver Adidas sweat pants and sweater. A matching silver cap is holding her white scarf tied behind her neck. I want to make a joke about the space-suit looking clothes she is wearing, but since I am in an Islamic country and nothing about her clothing looks Islamic I say, “Oh My God!” Her lean middle aged figure in the sport suit, tightly covering her body is a contrast against the world outside of the gates. I stare at her. Her face looks fresh and her skin glows. She smiles at me. I ask in disbelief if she’s seen what I have. My friend is not surprised at all. With her usual calmness she says it’s just the beginning. She kneels down to fasten her shoe lace. “Let’s go. You will love it” she says and starts walking toward the trail.

Windows to The Age of Rebellion

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“But I’m not wearing a maghna’e,” I responded when Mrs. M asked if I want to go with her. ”It’s ok! Your scarf will do,” she said genuinely, but I pretended to worry about her (not for myself) ”I don’t want to get you in trouble.” “Naaah,” she stretched her answer with a mocking tone. I even thought she was laughing inside her head for how stupid I was for making monsters out of my own people and their system. “Schools have changed,” she added and grabbed her purse, walking out the door;  A silent gesture for me to go along.

The ride took about fifteen minutes. Even though we were going across the street, the twists and turns of the  freeway and their exists, made the ride longer. I had no idea where we were. I would have never been able to navigate my way if I were to go on my own. I remember Mrs. M’s house was in the middle of vegetable field. My mother used to take my brother and I to her house so we could run around and play with her children. “Do you remember our fields?” she read my mind, but didn’t wait for my answer. “After the freeway was built, we lost most of it, but Alhamdulellah the price of our house went up.”

We had reached and my silent meant “Alhamdulellah.”

Retired Mrs M. taught PE at a private middle school. I wasn’t surprise at the arrangements of her class at all. I had gone to a similar private school in mid 90s also. Since the government can only finance public schools, most private schools in Iran use an actual house or an apartment complex for the school building. Often with a small back yard, schools end up renting gyms for PE hours.  Mrs. M whose house happened to be near the gym didn’t need to attend the school except twice a year to get her roster and to turn in the grades. She spoke about her unique situation in a such excitement that made one wonder working after retirement could be fun and something to look forward to.

The dead-end alley leading to the gym was narrow. She let me out the car first and parked close to the wall to leave some space for other cars.  She looked around and said her girls are not there yet. “Let’s go to the office and rest for awhile.”  A small cubical cement office with two big windows guarded by fences was located in the far end of the yard.
The yard looked brutally quiet: Just some yellow lines marking the basketball and volleyball courts, two cement ping-pong tables with metal nets and a row of water fountains, with a faucet dripping.

I knew this courtyard. Identical to rest of the gyms and school yards I’ve been to. Each PE hour, an identical courtyard held thirty plus girls all dressed up in a same school uniform, with heads covered up where sweat dried in their hair and their half-grown breasts soaked in sweat behind the blouses or bras. I looked at the basketball poles. One was completely missing a net and the other just had a torn net hanging from it. I could smell the body odor of all my classmates who were missing from the quiet basketball court. Sometimes the piercing smell of sweat and puberty was stronger on those who didn’t wear a t-shirt underneath their uniforms. You couldn’t blame them. It was the only way to cool your body down…One could do anything underneath the Hijab as long as her utter self was covered.

I looked up. Little windows were staring down the courtyard. Maybe hundreds. I knew the number was an exaggeration, but every thing seems multiplied when one is being watched. Windows from the neighboring all-girls high school on the right, and windows from the residential apartment complexes to the left, windows from buildings in the distance were looking straight down on me. I pulled my scarf closer, unintentionally. Those little eyes were the reason we had to sweat under the uniforms, I remembered, intentionally this time.

“Next time, we will come on Friday to play soccer,” Mrs. M. walking in front of me said, but corrected herself, “we have to make sure that it’s not a boys-only friday though.” the thought of playing the most favored sport in Iran was appealing at first, but  quickly went back to the thought of windows again:  Do Namahram windows look down on the yard–with awe and lust–when it fills up with energetic young girls ad when it is boys turn look away?

“Get out of the sun!” shouted Mrs. M.

I had not yet settled down on a black chair wrapped in its original packaging plastic that a woman walked in with a tray of fresh tea and candies. She welcomed me and put the tray on the only desk in the small office.

“A perfect Persian hospitality,” I thought, wondering how to get away from drinking the hot tea without being rude in that hot late spring day. The office walls were covered with flyers, announcements, a picture of Ayatollah Khomeini and Khameniei, and some Hadith about the benefit of sports. A young woman fully dressed in a black chador with a clip board on her lap was sitting across a student. Maybe “a teacher-to-be?” I remembered university students coming to our schools and interviewing us for their thesis or for their field work. I shifted in my chair to be able to hear them better. “How do you feel about yourself now?” I listened and I immediately changed my mind about her profession. “She must be a counselor,” I decided and drifted into memories of having such young professionals coming to my school. My classmates and I used to make up stories to make fun of them. Back then, counseling was a new phenomenon. Most schools even didn’t have a full time counselor. Once every two weeks, a psychology graduate student would come and use the make-shift prayer room to set up and office to meet with troubled students. She would end up standing in the door way and watch students mingling during the recess. Those of us who were gutsier than others, had the courage to mess with her. Once I led a team of five girls to write a letter. We said that “my” father wants to marry me to a 50-year-old man, he beats “my” mother and “I” want to marry my neighbor  instead. We chose the code name, “red rose.” The desperate counselor who would post answers on the bulletin board. kept posting “Red Rose please stop by my office.”

The girl looked comfortable talking to the counselor in chador. In her laughter I saw our own laughter when the counselor kept refreshing the message on the board. Could she really help the fictional “me” if our story was real? I thought while looking at the consoler’s moving lips.

“My girls are here!” said Mrs. M taking me away from high school days. The tea was cold by now. I took a sip from the bitter tea and got up to leave. The counselor and her student didn’t even noticed me. “I am definitely participating in the games again next year to…” I listened till the conversation dissolved.

When I walked into a big arena that looked like a Futsal pitch/indoor volleyball court, almost all heads turned. The conversations stopped and everyone stared at me. I became conscious of my scarf again pulling it closer on my forehead. I think Mrs. M noticed it. She cheerfully ordered her class to get in lines for excercise. “This is my friend, Pah-reesa,” she said to a small group who were standing near by. I wished she would stop there but I knew there was more to come. “She’s from Em-reeca and has come to visit you today.” And to my–not–surprise, the crowd began to walk toward me. One after another, sometimes even at the same time I heard questions about my name, my age, my marital status, my state of residency of exclusively LA or NY, my favorite hollywood actor, and the field of my studies.
Parisa. “nice name.” “Oh, we have a Parisa too.” “Hello there, Parisa.”
Single. “cool,” “So is my brother,” Giggles. “And is my uncle.” Giggles.
25. “You look younger.” “No she doesn’t.” Giggles. “Shush.”
Massachusetts. “God forbid, Chus!?” Loud laughter. More giggles.
And then I said “Women’s studies.” I don’t know why I did so. I have been saying I studied English. It started as an old trick my father had suggested a long time ago to spare me fears and worries. I used it when he was around just to avoid any arguments, but after a while, I got used to it. Plus, it really was easier than trying to explain what the use of journalism and women’s studies in a culture that sends its children to the West to become doctors and engineers were.
“What is that?” ”What is there to study about women?” The first few questions were serious but then someone cracked a joke and everyone else followed. “Is it an art of finding a hus-baand?” “Nah, I think it means studying the female body.”

I had no way out of this now. I smiled, but my silence began to grew awkward. “For example, it’s about history of woman’s movement,” I desperately tried.  ”Oh, Where do women move to?” Jokes followed. should I say it’s about empowering women?  ”Hadn’t Iranian women already empowered themselves by taking up more than half of university seats and almost half of the work force?” That’s it! I had found the correct description in just a minute of being surrounded by some middle schooler who were probably more eager to know about Em-reeca than what women’s studies is. All of a sudden, a loud lasting whistle  interrupted everybody’s fun, and my what (I thought) brilliant answer.
“I said get in lines for the exercise,” shouted Mrs. M hugging two badminton rackets and a ball on top of her clipboard. The crowd around me quickly dispersed. She called out two names and asked them to lead the exercise.

“Here,” she handed the rackets to me. “I called Sara to come and keep you company.” I had met Sara once before. She was the superintendent’s daughter. She used to play badminton for the national highschool team. She had actually made me promise to visit the gym to teach me some badminton tricks. Few minutes later, she walked in with a big beautiful smile.

“You came!”

“Yes I did.” “How are you? Your family?”  We exchanged Persian pleasantries and walked  to the far end of the pitch where she showed me how to distinguish the colored lines from one another. I just figured that for Badminton I should stay within the blue lines. Amidst the commotion and echoing sound of screams, talking and exercise, I struggled to listen to her and ask her questions about her school and her newly-found part time job.

Not long after, we started to play and somewhat useless struggled to carry a conversation in the sound-echoing pitch, a group of girls began to sing. When I paused our game to look over, I found a circle of clapping people around two students dancing in the middle.  One girl was tapping on something I could not clearly recognize. Sara could tell I’m eager to join them and said “Ok, let’s go.”

“But, it’s the teacher!” I repeated in disbelief when I got  loser and saw the PE teacher of the high school class who was tapping on her clip board while others sang, clapped and danced. A young woman, maybe in her late twenties, was feeling her students’ need to have fun. “We used to do things like that hiding from our teachers,” I said in awe and disbelief. But but Sara confirmed calmly, “times have changed.”

Few seconds later, I was clapping and moving my hip, forgetting my astonishment and remembering memories of my own high school years. One or two girls would guard the door while others sang and dance in class. We would occasionally get caught and punished too for our un-Islamic behaviors, but it was all worth of the adrenalin-rush and the excitement. It was our version of youth rebellion. however, what I was seeing, was clearly not “rebellion” for these girls.

On our way back, Mrs. M hoped I had a nice time. “Did you see how “gherti” the high school kids were while you were worried about your headscarf!” she mocked me and stared into the distance. Then, she told me about one of her students who ran around the basketball court without her Hijab. She had to blew into her whistle and shout at her. “Don’t you see all these windows facing the courtyard?” she had to remind her and ask her to wear her maghna’e. “Do you know what bothered me the most?” she asked me, but I didn’t have anything to say so she answered her own question, “That he father was an akhond.”  ”To be the daughter of a Muslim clergyman and to run around the public gym courtyard without the head-covering” said Mrs. M is because of the “pressure.” It bothers her, she told me, to see how easy and quick Islamic values have disappeared from the generation she teaches.

These young girls talk back to their elders the way my generation did not dare. These girls have “boyfriends.” A disgraceful act my generation rarely dared to do. These girls have found a way to bridge the gap between their parents and their own values.

“That’s it.” I thought I found yet another brilliant answer, this time to Mrs. M’s concern and to my own puzzled mind. “That’s their rebellion.” I was ready to tell Mrs. M that her students’ behaviors are not entirely involuntarily and out of pressure, rather is their version of youth rebellion. But she pressed her palm on the steering-wheel, cursing a young man who cut her off on the motorcycle.

bar pedaret..ahmagh…bi hameh…” my thoughts dissolved in the piercing sound of horn, Mrs. M’s curse upon his parents who should have taught him how to drive and my wondering what would have happened if the car had hit him.

The Quraishi Bride and Women of Today

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“We need a bride, we need a bride,” shouted my best friend’s mother from the living room. She paused after receiving no answer and fixed her eyes on me. I Iooked at my best friend who was standing next to a big blue Coleman cooler in the kitchen. With a sympathetic look she said “you don’t have to it.”

But I wanted to. I raised my hand and walked to Maryam’s mother. Her face brightened and a wide smile displayed her white artificial teeth. She grabbed my arm and said “come azizam.” We made our way through a sea of women sitting crossed legged on the floor.  She was overjoyed, but I was slightly embarrassment or maybe it was just the usual Iranian shyness I was taught to carry with me as any proper khanoom–lady would.

She sat me down on the only chair in the room where I was about to share a chair with Agha for a brief moment of my performance.

***

It was a hot summer afternoon and I was in a Mouloodi, a female-only religious gathering in birthday celebration of Mahdi, the twelfth absent Imam of the Shias.

Agha, a female religious singer who depending on the occasion sings sad or happy religious songs sits in a chair while a crowd of women circle her on the floor. If the occasion is a joyous commemoration of a Shia Imam, she would sing joyful praising songs while the audience clap or sing along. On the other hand, if the occasion is a sad one–often anniversary of a martyrdom, she would sing mournful devastating songs while the audience would cry and beat their chests.

When I sat next to her she was about to sing a sad song which would lead to happy  ending to further emphasize the exultation of Mahdi’s birthday.

***

When Agha moved to the side to make space for me, Maryam’s mother whispered in her ear that I am a “dam e bakht.” A very common Persian expression for young single women, which literarily means close to happiness or fortune, is used to refer to some one who has reached the age of marriage and often unfortunately suffers from lack of any suitors.

Agha nodded and pointed to the chair. “Sit, sit my child! may Fatemeh herself grant you a happy marriage.” Then she hurried to give me directions. “Just when I elbow you, collapse and stay dead on the floor till I kick you with my foot.”

I, always an-actress-wanna-be who never missed a chance to perform or entertain a crowd, agreed to the plot and patiently awaited my signals.

She began reading from a white warn out notebook: a story written in poetry about the Quraishi tribe who harassed prophet’s family by inviting his daughter, Fatimah to a wedding while she was mourning the death of her father. As she sang with a fake tearful voice, faces of the audience turned sour. Some even wiped their wet eyes or made some sniffling sound. She sang about the pain of Fatimah after seeing the joyous guests dancing in their colorful clothes to the loathsome music.

Then she raised her voice and sang that the bride lifted her veil and saw the face of Fatimah. “Her beauty so stunning,” she elbowed me “blinded her and killed the bride on the spot”

I moaned, threw my arms in the air and fell off the chair.

Underneath the light pink floral chador I was wearing as a bridal veil, I saw that the mournful crowd could not help laughing from the feminine sound of dying I made.

Agha raised her voice even higher to bring the crowd back to her story. She went on for two more minutes singing about the cheerful crowd whose wedding had just turned into a funeral.

Then came the kick. I slowly got up, gracefully lifted the veil, and paced the room with my astonished eyes as if I was an alien in disbelief of what I was witnessing; a miracle, another birth granted by the daughter of the Prophet.

The crowd cheered and uncovered their heads (Part of the Agha’s plot who had ordered the crowd to cover up as a symbol of honoring the harassed Fatimah.) Younger women in their heavy make-ups and revealing clothes clapped or whistled. Older women said Maashallah!

Agha raised her voice again and waved her hand in the air to get the attention of the women away from my brilliant performance and to the final part of her song.

The crowed calmed down and listened as she sang about the immense generosity of the Masooms or the fourteen infallible Shia figures.

When she finished, she announced to the crowd that I am single and for the sake of the amazing performance I gave for Fatimah they should pray for me to find a good husband.

Like a champion who makes her way back to the locker room, I walked out, thanking, smiling and nodding to the women on my way.

I stopped in front of Maryam’s cousin, a PhD student, fluent in two different languages, smart and beautiful, to ask her opinion about my performance. She could not stop laughing.

I went back to the kitchen where my friend, Maryam was filling up glasses of homemade lemonade to feed the thirsty crowd nearly toasted inside the living room. Even though the cooler was running on high speed, the crowded room was simply hot.

Some women had brought paper fans and were escaping the heat that way. Others were frantically fanning themselves with their hands or their head scarfs.

“I am so sorry,” Maryam said in a genuine tone. “I can’t believe how my mother could humiliate you like that.”

***

Maryam is different from her mother. There is a wide gap between their generations. She is a college educated woman with liberal views on religion and marriage. That day she was hiding in the kitchen to serve her mother’s guests as an act of respect. To her, the superstitious behavior her mother is so fond of is meaningless.

“Don’t be azizam,” I told her and added that “I did it for laughter any ways.”

Yet, Maryam didn’t look convinced. She looked down on the lemonade glasses and repeated to herself. “She actually told her that you need a husband.”

“How do you expect a 60 year old woman who has spent all her life marrying girls off, to stop her practices?” I wanted to tell her but I knew she was aware of it. Both of us knew we were pretending to believe in power of Moloodi, Fatimah or the karma of being a part of a good deed–for her to serve lemonade and for me to perform. We both were aware of the distance between ours and our mothers’ generations.

Maryam married despite her mother’s consent to a non-religious, liberal man. She chose to live in the capital with him instead of living in a small province. I left my conventional lifestyle and set off for an independent life in the west. But why were we serving the wishes of the generation before us? Could it be that we regretted defying the wishes of our elders?  or we were there to just make fun of the women we considered naive? Was this our way of fighting back the traditions?

***

At the end of the day, I stood by the door next to Maryam who was holding a basket  of mini sandwiches. The original Mouloodi gatherings I had gone to as a child served a blessed token often bread and goat cheese with fresh basil and mint. But things have changed. Sausage sandwiches have replaced the old fashioned bread and cheese now.

Modernization in the heart of tradition!

As Maryam handed the sausages inside French rolls, wrapped in floral tin foils, tied with colorful and curled ribbons, I watched the women leave the house. The smell of burned Esfand seeds–to get rid of any evil eye that may have been cast on the house or on the guests–bid them farewell.

Women who had heavy Isfahani accents and wore cheap clothes were from the lower class. They thanked the host they didn’t know and had landed in her house just through the word of mouth often heard at the mosque.

The upper-class guests wore flashy clothes with lots of sequences and had kilos of gold hanging from their necks. They sat at the far end of the room and since they were the relatives of the host they were granted a part of the room where they could sit on the floor leaning against the wall.

I watched how the poor and the rich left together and took the sausage sandwiches with them. They prayed for the wishes of the host to come true and asked the host to pray for them in return.

***

Maryam and I knew that our mothers have been living lives of superstitious and tradition, but the beauty of our relationship has been in our coexistence.

The reality of the Mouloodi that day was that from the heart of tradition, we have come to think differently: Adamant but not insurgent!

Like other Iranian women we have learned to dance around the cliches, regulations and limitations posed on us. From time to time, the educated generation of Iranian women might play the role of Quraishi bride or participate in an occasional Mouloodi, but they do no longer await granting of happiness through prayers or husbands.

Later, in the US, someone scuffed at the idea that I attended a Mouloodi in Iran. She  thought that a Western educated woman should have known better to avoid “ignorance.” But I believe that the presence of women like Maryam, her cousin or even mine was a proof that tradition and modernity are coexisting in Iran. Soon, however, one will overshadow the other. Which one, I worry sometimes, but that is up to Iranian society to chose.